Rhodiola rosea: Benefits, side effects, and dosage

13 May.,2024

 

Rhodiola rosea: Benefits, side effects, and dosage

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Rhodiola rosea is a flowering herb that grows in cold, high-altitude regions of Europe and Asia. Other names for it include arctic root, golden root, king’s crown, and rose root.

Rhodiola rosea has been used in traditional medicine for many years, particularly in Russia, Scandinavia, and other cold, mountainous areas. Some people believe the herb can treat anxiety, depression, fatigue, anemia, and headaches.

Numerous studies have been conducted on the plant. While some results appear promising, many of the studies have been small, biased, or flawed. As such, experts say more research needs to be done to determine how Rhodiola rosea is effective, and whether it should be included in treatment plans.

Meanwhile, Rhodiola rosea has a low risk of side effects and appears to offer some benefits for many of these conditions. Therefore, it may be a natural option that is worth trying for its supposed uses.

Benefits and evidence

The evidence for Rhodiola rosea’s health claims varies. The following are some of its popular uses and what research says about each one. The health benefits of this herbal root are probably linked to anti-inflammatory properties it may have.

Stress

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Rhodiola rosea is a flowering herb that has been used in traditional medicine for many years.

One of the best-known claims about Rhodiola rosea is its power as a substance that helps the body adapt to stress, otherwise known as an adaptogen.

Its specific abilities and qualities, however, have not yet been scientifically proven with enough well-designed studies.

A report published in Alternative Medicine Review found that Rhodiola rosea shows promise as an adaptogen. Based on evidence from several small studies, the author states that the plant’s extracts provide benefits for mental health and heart function.

Another 2005 article describes Rhodiola rosea as “a versatile adaptogen,” stating that the herb can increase resistance to stress. In particular, the authors state that it holds promise as a possible treatment for reducing stress hormone levels and stress-induced heart problems.

Physical and mental performance

Some people take Rhodiola rosea to enhance physical performance before exercise or as a way to improve concentration and thinking. There are also claims that it helps reduce physical and mental fatigue.

A number of studies touch on these claims. They include the following:

  • A review that states Rhodiola rosea may hold promise as an aid for enhanced physical and mental performance. The authors conclude that more research on the plant is needed to further examine and prove its effects.
  • A study in 2009 found that women who took a high dose of Rhodiola rosea were able to run faster than those who got a placebo. The study examined 15 college-age women.
  • Another study suggests that taking a standardized extract of Rhodiola rosea may improve concentration and reduce fatigue. The research looked at 60 men and women, who took an extract called SHR-5. The dosage given for these effects was 576 milligrams (mg) per day.

Despite these results, a large 2012 review published in BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine looked at 206 studies on Rhodiola rosea and fatigue but found only 11 were suitable to include.

Five of these trials determined that Rhodiola rosea helped with symptoms of physical and mental fatigue. But, the reviewers state, all of the studies had a high risk of bias or had reporting flaws with an unknown bias.

The reviewers conclude that research on Rhodiola rosea is “contradictory and inconclusive.” They recommend a non-biased, valid trial of the herb before it is put forward as a treatment for fatigue.

Depression and anxiety

One study found evidence to suggest that Rhodiola rosea may reduce symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Ten people were included in this study, and they took 340 mg of Rhodiola rosea extract for 10 weeks.

Another study in Phytomedicine found that Rhodiola rosea reduced symptoms of depression, but its effects were mild. The herb did not reduce symptoms as effectively as sertraline, a prescription antidepressant, although it had fewer and milder side effects.

The authors of this 2015 study concluded that, as it may be better tolerated by some people and did provide benefit, Rhodiola rosea may be suitable as a treatment for mild to moderate depression. The study included 57 people who took the herb for 12 weeks.

Stress-induced eating disorders

An active ingredient in Rhodiola rosea known as salidroside, was studied for its effects on binge eating. This study, published in Physiology & Behavior, was done using rats. It found that a dry extract of Rhodiola rosea that included 3.12 percent salidroside did help reduce or eliminate binge eating in the animals.

The rats that took Rhodiola rosea also had lower blood levels of a stress hormone that may play a role in binge eating.

Another study in the Journal of Psychopharmacology, similarly conducted on rats, determined that Rhodiola rosea may reduce stress-induced anorexia. The authors say their findings provide evidence to support claims that the herb has anti-stress properties.

How to take it

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Rhodiola rosea is available in many forms. Any side effects experienced will likely be mild.

Like many herbs, Rhodiola rosea is available in the form of capsules, tablets, dried powder, and liquid extract.

The dosage and amount of extract varies between brands and product types.

Herbs and supplements are regulated as food, not drugs, by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

As a result, knowing what dose to take and how much is included in the product is not always clear. There may also be issues with quality or purity.

Although some studies have listed dosages used for specific purposes, it appears that the herb may be taken at different strengths to treat different problems. In the Alternative Medicine Review article, the author says the dosage may vary, depending on how much standardized extract it contains.

Rosavin, in particular, is one of the compounds named as having an effect on reducing stress. The author of the review suggests approximately:

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  • 360-600 mg daily of an extract standardized for 1 percent rosavin
  • 180-300 mg of an extract standardized for 2 percent rosavin
  • 100-170 mg for an extract standardized for 3.6 percent rosavin

Risks and side effects

Though its therapeutic effects have yet to be proven, the studies on Rhodiola rosea all seem to agree that any side effects are mild.

Side effects have included:

  • dizziness
  • dry mouth
  • sleep problems
  • jitteriness

Jitteriness is a particular problem among those prone to anxiety who take higher doses of the supplement.

As it has a mild stimulant-type effect, Rhodiola rosea is not recommended for people who have bipolar disorder or who are taking other stimulants.

One article suggests that people can take the herb on an empty stomach 30 minutes before breakfast and lunch. Avoiding it in the evening may help reduce sleep problems at night.

Takeaway

Rhodiola rosea has a long tradition of being used to help increase stamina, concentration, and mental well-being.

Large, valid studies on these effects are lacking. However, the herb’s low risk of side effects makes it an attractive option for people looking to improve their health in these specific areas.

As with any supplement, it is best for people to speak with a doctor before taking it.

Problems such as fatigue and trouble concentrating can sometimes be symptoms of an underlying health condition that needs treatment. Likewise, depression and anxiety can be serious mental health conditions that require the care of a doctor.

Rosavin and Salidroside: Benefit, Side effects and Dosage

The use of Rhodiola rosea is gaining popularity in the United States as an effective treatment for stress. It is known to have a soothing effect on the body, and may provide relief for patients with anxiety, depression, and generalized anxiety disorder. In addition, the plant is said to boost the immune system, aid in the recovery of the body, and promote a healthier, more balanced mood.

Rosavin and salidroside, the main active ingredients in the extract of Rhodiola rosea root. They are thought that rhodiola can be used for strengthening of the immune system, treatment of diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases and improving sports performance. They suggest that Rhodiola extract might promote memory and learning. Other possible benefits include improved physical performance, increased resilience, reduced stress, and a reduction in fatigue. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been shown to be beneficial to the body. In addition, it is believed that the extract may protect the cells from damage.

  • Excellent antioxidant properties

The anti-oxidant properties of Rhodiola root are well known. The herb helps in the prevention of oxidative stress, thereby protecting the brain from neurotoxicities. Salidroside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside, is the most important bioactive constituent of the plant. It exhibits diverse biological activities, such as inhibition of protein kinase B (PKB), apoptosis, autophagy, and mTOR pathway. It has been shown to induce the PI3K/Akt pathway, alter the cell cycle, and prevent aging-like phenotype in an oxidant-induced model.

The strong antioxidant effect can promote cognitive functions, promote protein synthesis, reduce acid phosphatase activity, improve SOD and GSP-Px activity, inhibit the formation of LPO and the degeneration of organelles, and delay or prevent the aging of cerebral cortex neurons, glial cells, synapses and blood-brain barrier in rats. Rhodiola Rosea extract can delay cell senescence, promote cell growth and cell metabolism, inhibit the degenerative changes of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, enhance liver glycogen synthesis, inhibit the formation of lipofrigin in liver cells, and reduce the content of LPO in liver tissue. Rhodiola can also promote the division and synthesis of fibroblasts in the dermis and the secretion of collagen. At the same time, it also secretes collagenase to decompose the original collagen, but the secretion is greater than the decomposition amount. Rosalidroside could significantly reduce LPO and lipofuscin content in blood, liver and testis of 14-month-old mice. Rhodiola root extract can improve the immunity of the body and the exercise ability of the muscle, increase the activity of SOD and reduce the content of TG in blood.

  • Improves endurance exercise performance

They also have been studied for their impact on the antioxidant capacity of the body. In addition, they have been found to improve the endurance of the muscles. Some studies have shown that Rhodiola can help fight fatigue and increase endurance. In a study published in the International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, it was shown that Rhodiola rosea supplementation improved endurance and mental capacity of young, healthy volunteers. It was found to increase the resistance to a variety of stressors and reduce stress-related fatigue and enhance cognitive function.

  • Prevents AMS

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a dangerous condition that affects the body at high altitudes. The most lethal type of AMS is pulmonary edema. It is usually the result of sudden exposure to high altitudes. However, it can also occur at low altitudes. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective means to prevent AMS. There are various herbal remedies that have been used to cure AMS. One of the herbs that is traditionally used in China and Europe is Rhodiola rosea. The extract has also been reported to be effective in rats exposed to hypoxia. Similarly, it has been proven to inhibit TNF protein expression level in H9c2 cells.

The alcohol extract of Rhodiola Rosea root and rhizome can significantly improve the tolerance to hypoxia, reduce the rate of oxygen consumption, prolong the survival time of animals in hypoxia environment, and significantly increase the level of fasting liver glycogen and blood sugar. Rhodiola extract can significantly reduce the overall oxygen consumption of mice, reduce the content of lactic acid in blood, myocardium and brain of rats, and improve the aerobic metabolic process under the condition of hypoxia. Rhodiola alcohol extract can effectively prevent the effects of hypoxic environment on heart and lung function, and inhibit the prolongation of P-R interval, QRS interval and Q-T interval of human electrocardiogram caused by altitude.

  • Reduces fatigue

Rhodiola is an adaptogen, which is a type of herb that promotes the body’s ability to withstand and recover from physical and emotional stress. Adaptogens are commonly thought to boost the body’s resistance to stressors, and help the body to adapt to changes in the environment. The herb is thought to help increase mental performance and decrease fatigue during periods of stress. Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola crenulata help the body to adapt to stress and prevent illness. They may also improve memory and cognition. These herbs also help calm and soothe agitated people. They might reduce the symptoms of depression and other mood disorders.A study published in 2010 by researchers from the University of Utah looked at rhodiola’s effect on physical and mental fatigue. They used an exercise stress test to measure the effect of a salidroside extract, which is one of the active compounds in rhodiola rosea. However, more research is needed to confirm the exact effect of rhodiola on human performance.

  • Helping prevent cardiovascular disease

Rhodiola rosea extract has some strong cardioconstriction effect. Experiments in mice have shown that salidroside can significantly reduce the end diastolic indoor pressure and blood pressure of the left ventricle in a short time, reduce the pre and post load of the heart, and also significantly reduce the indicators reflecting myocardial systolic performance, and weaken the systolic performance of the isolated heart. Rhodiola alcohol extract can significantly increase the arterial blood pressure of rats, showing a certain dose-effect relationship, and reverse the phentolamine induced blood pressure drop, but the effect on heart rate did not change regularly. Salidroside has a protective effect on cardiomyocytes damaged by oxygen readministration after hypoxia. It can maintain the normal beating frequency of cardiomyocytes after oxygen readministration after hypoxia, reduce the release of LDH, and maintain the normal ultrastructure of myocardial cell membrane, myofibrils, mitochondria and so on.

  • Anti-cancer properties

It have anti-inflammatory properties1. This means that it may be able to prevent the growth of dangerous tumors that are triggered by inflammation, but more research is needed. In vitro experiments of Rhodiola Rosea extract showed that it could inhibit the growth rate and division ability of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and limit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Rhodiola rosea also inhibited the growth and proliferation of cultured liver cancer cells in vitro and transplanted liver cancer cells in mice, decreased DNA synthesis, increased glycogen content, and prolonged the survival period of tumor bearing mice. Rhodiola rosea can inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma cells cultured in vitro at s stage. In addition, Rhodiola had an inhibitory effect on S180 cells, and the efficacy was dose-dependent. Its antitumor effect is relatively selective, the same dose has no toxic effect on non-tumor cells, and has been found to have inhibitory effect on HeLa cells.

But, as with any health supplement, Rhodiola should only be used under the guidance of a physician. Currently, the safety of Rhodiola rosea is relatively good. There are very few reports of adverse reactions in studies that lasted at least 6 weeks. However, there have been some reports of drowsiness and dry mouth. While these symptoms are not serious, they should be considered possible side effects. Also, there are no significant drug interactions reported with this herb.

Side Effects

As with any health supplement, Rhodiola should only be used under the guidance of a physician. Currently, the safety of Rhodiola rosea is relatively good. There are very few reports of adverse reactions in studies that lasted at least 6 weeks. However, there have been some reports of drowsiness and dry mouth. While these symptoms are not serious, they should be considered possible side effects. Also, there are no significant drug interactions reported with this herb. However, research is still lacking to determine how the plant works on the human body.

Although Rhodiola may be safe to use, it is not recommended for pregnant women or nursing mothers. there is no research on the safety of Rhodiola during pregnancy. Furthermore, people with thyroid disease should avoid taking it. Using Rhodiola with other drugs that suppress the immune system could increase the risk of developing an autoimmune condition. Taking Rhodiola may affect the levels of blood sugar. If you have diabetes, it is important to consult with your doctor before attempting to take a supplement. People with heart problems or high blood pressure should avoid using Rhodiola.

Lastly, those with a history of seizures should not take this herb. While the herb is not known to cause any major adverse reactions, it is not advised for patients on SSRIs or MAOI medications. Lastly, While there are many health benefits of Rhodiola rosea, there are no long-term safety studies to support these claims. Researchers are still exploring the potential for this herb, and more research is expected to be conducted in the future.

Dosage

Supplementation of rhodiola rosea extract tends to refer to either the standard extract with the ration extract both 3% rosavins and 1% salidroside. If you take rhodiola as a daily preventative against fatigue, a doses as low as 50mg has been reported to be effective, and acute usage for fatigue and anti-stress has to be taken in the 100-600 mg range.

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