Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves to detect flaws inside materials. Waves are generated using a piezoelectric transducer and travel through a material, reflecting when they encounter interfaces between materials with different densities. Reflections are detected and analyzed to determine the location and size of flaws. Common techniques include pulse-echo, where a single transducer transmits and receives waves, and through-transmission, where waves pass through a material from one transducer to another. Ultrasonic testing is widely used due to its ability to inspect thick materials and locate internal flaws.
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