What are the names of engine tests?

Standard

Spark Arrester Test Procedure for Medium Size Engines

WIP

J350

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes equipment and procedures for testing spark arresters used on medium-size, single-position internal combustion engines, normally used in transportable, stationary, and vehicular applications, such as highway trucks, agricultural tractors, industrial tractors, other mobile equipment, and motorcycles. This document provides two methods of testing (laboratory testing and engine testing) which may be used to evaluate a spark arrester. It also includes special requirements for screen type devices and an endurance test procedure for screen type spark arresters.

Standard

Chassis Dynamometer Test Procedure-Heavy-Duty Road Vehicles

WIP

J2177

This SAE Recommended Practice has been adopted by SAE to specify: a. A standard procedure for chassis dynamometer testing of heavy-duty road vehicles for the purpose of determining power delivered through the drive tires. b. A method of correcting observed power to reference test conditions. c. A method of analyzing the test data to determine if the test results are within expected power ranges. This document is applicable to DOT Class 6, 7, and 8 and on and on/off highway heavy-duty road vehicles equiped with compression ignition engines, manual or automatic transmissions, and single or tandem rear drive axles.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code - Engine Power and Torque Certification

WIP

J2723

This document specifies the procedure to be used for a manufacturer to certify the net power and torque rating of a production engine according to SAE J1349 (Rev. 8/04) or the gross engine power of a production engine according to SAE J1995. Manufacturers who advertise their engine power and torque ratings as Certified to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 shall follow this procedure. Certification of engine power and torque to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 is voluntary, however, this power certification process is mandatory for those advertising power ratings as “Certified to SAE J1349” or “Certified to SAE J1995.” In the event that an engine made by one manufacturer is sold to a consumer in a vehicle produced by a second manufacturer, engine certification may be completed by either manufacturer or by both manufacturers working together.

Standard

Engine Rotation and Cylinder Numbering

CURRENT

J824_202206

This SAE Standard was developed to provide a method for indicating the direction of engine rotation and numbering of engine cylinders. The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry.

Standard

Turbocharger Gas Stand Test Code

CURRENT

J1826_202204

The test procedures outlined in this SAE Standard are applicable to turbocharging systems having either fixed- or variable-geometry.

Standard

Airflow Reference Standards

WIP

J228

The purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to establish reference standards for airflow measurements in the ranges required for testing automotive engine induction systems and to describe equipment that will facilitate the use of such standards to check the accuracy of various equipment and methods.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code - Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition - Gross Power and Torque Rating

WIP

J1995

This SAE Standard has been adopted to provide a basis for dynamometer determination of gross engine power and torque under reference conditions. It is intended for use primarily by engine manufacturers who supply engines for installation by others in applications where the engine manufacturer may not control the induction and exhaust system design or the speed at which the engine is run.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code - Engine Power and Torque Certification

CURRENT

J2723_202110

This document specifies the procedure to be used for a manufacturer to certify the net power and torque rating of a production engine according to SAE J1349 (Rev. 8/04) or the gross engine power of a production engine according to SAE J1995. Manufacturers who advertise their engine power and torque ratings as certified to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 shall follow this procedure. Certification of engine power and torque to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 is voluntary; however, this power certification process is mandatory for those advertising power ratings as “Certified to SAE J1349” or “Certified to SAE J1995.” In the event that an engine made by one manufacturer is sold to a consumer in a vehicle produced by a second manufacturer, engine certification may be completed by either manufacturer or by both manufacturers working together.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code - Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition - As Installed Net Power Rating

WIP

J1349

This standard is intended to provide a method to obtain repeatable measurements that accurately reflect true engine performance in customer service. Whenever there is an opportunity for interpretation of the standard, a good faith effort shall be made to obtain the engine’s typical in-service performance and avoid finding the best possible performance under the best possible conditions. Intentional biasing of engine component or assembly tolerances to optimize performance for this test is prohibited.

Standard

Spark Arrester Test Procedure for Medium Size Engines

CURRENT

J350_202010

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes equipment and procedures for testing spark arresters used on medium-size, single-position internal combustion engines, normally used in transportable, stationary, and vehicular applications, such as highway trucks, agricultural tractors, industrial tractors, other mobile equipment, and motorcycles. This document provides two methods of testing (laboratory testing and engine testing) which may be used to evaluate a spark arrester. It also includes special requirements for screen type devices and an endurance test procedure for screen type spark arresters.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code - Engine Power and Torque Certification

HISTORICAL

J2723_201509

This document specifies the procedure to be used for a manufacturer to certify the net power and torque rating of a production engine according to SAE J1349 (Rev. 8/04) or the gross engine power of a production engine according to SAE J1995. Manufacturers who advertise their engine power and torque ratings as Certified to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 shall follow this procedure. Certification of engine power and torque to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 is voluntary, however, this power certification process is mandatory for those advertising power ratings as “Certified to SAE J1349” or “Certified to SAE J1995.” In the event that an engine made by one manufacturer is sold to a consumer in a vehicle produced by a second manufacturer, engine certification may be completed by either manufacturer or by both manufacturers working together.

Standard

Engine Test Data Specification

WIP

J3084

This standard provides common names, definitions and formats for engine test data.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code - Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition - Gross Power and Torque Rating

CURRENT

J1995_201401

This SAE Standard has been adopted to provide a basis for dynamometer determination of gross engine power and torque under reference conditions. It is intended for use primarily by engine manufacturers who supply engines for installation by others in applications where the engine manufacturer may not control the induction and exhaust system design or the speed at which the engine is run.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code - Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition - As Installed Net Power Rating

CURRENT

J1349_201109

This standard is intended to provide a method to obtain repeatable measurements that accurately reflect true engine performance in customer service. Whenever there is an opportunity for interpretation of the standard, a good faith effort shall be made to obtain the engine’s typical in-service performance and avoid finding the best possible performance under the best possible conditions. Intentional biasing of engine component or assembly tolerances to optimize performance for this test is prohibited.

Standard

Engine Weight, Dimensions, Center of Gravity, and Moment of inertia

WIP

J2038

This SAE Recommended Practice has been developed to provide a uniform method for reporting the weight, dimensions, center of gravity, and moment of inertia of internal combustion engines. SAE J2038 is not intended to cover the technical interface between the engine and transmission. To locate the rear of the engine crankshaft in relationship to the rear of the flywheel housing, refer to SAE J617.

Standard

Turbocharger Nomenclature and Terminology

CURRENT

J922_201106

This SAE Recommended Practice applies to nomenclature of turbocharger parts and terminology of performance.

Standard

Procedure for Mapping Performance - Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition Engines

WIP

J1312

The purpose of this SAE Standard is to provide a standardized test procedure for generating engine performance maps in order to facilitate data reporting and data comparisons. An engine performance map is a listing of engine specific fuel consumption, specific exhaust emissions and other variables obtained at specific engine speeds and loads. Engine performance maps as specified by this code are primarily used in the light duty vehicle industry and can be used in fuel economy simulation programs. This document is applicable to both four-stroke spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines, naturally aspirated and pressure charged, with or without charge air cooling. The large number of control variables available on modern engines results in large flexibility in calibration, and it is frequently necessary to run part-load maps to explore the relative merits of different control strategies.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code—Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition—Net Power Rating

HISTORICAL

J1349_200803

This standard is intended to provide a method to obtain repeatable measurements that accurately reflect true engine performance in customer service. Whenever there is an opportunity for interpretation of the standard, a good faith effort shall be made to obtain the engine’s typical in-service performance and avoid finding the best possible performance under the best possible conditions. Intentional biasing of engine component or assembly tolerances to optimize performance for this test is prohibited.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code—Engine Power and Torque Certification

HISTORICAL

J2723_200708

This document specifies the procedure to be used for a manufacturer to certify the net power and torque rating of a production engine according to SAE J1349 (Rev. 8/04) or the gross engine power of a production engine according to SAE J1995. Manufacturers who advertise their engine power and torque ratings as Certified to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 shall follow this procedure. Certification of engine power and torque to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 is voluntary, however, this power certification process is mandatory for those advertising power ratings as “Certified to SAE J1349”. In the event that an engine made by one manufacturer is sold to a consumer in a vehicle produced by a second manufacturer, engine certification may be completed by either manufacturer or by both manufacturers working together. An example of the latter would be the completion of witness testing by the engine manufacturer with the submission of certification documents by the vehicle manufacturer.

Standard

Engine Power Test Code—Engine Power and Torque Certification

HISTORICAL

J2723_200504

This document specifies the procedure to be used for a manufacturer to certify the net power and torque rating of a production engine according to SAE J1349 (Rev. 8/04) or the gross engine power of a production engine according to SAE J1995. Manufacturers who advertise their engine power and torque ratings as Certified to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 shall follow this procedure. Certification of engine power and torque to SAE J1349 or SAE J1995 is voluntary, however, this power certification process is mandatory for those advertising power ratings as “Certified to SAE J1349”.

Facility used to test engines

An engine test stand is a facility used to develop, characterize and test engines. The facility, often offered as a product to automotive OEMs, allows engine operation in different operating regimes and offers measurement of several physical variables associated with the engine operation.

A sophisticated engine test stand houses several sensors (or transducers), data acquisition features and actuators to control the engine state. The sensors would measure several physical variables of interest which typically include:

Information gathered through the sensors is often processed and logged through data acquisition systems. Actuators allow for attaining a desired engine state (often characterized as a unique combination of engine torque and speed). For gasoline engines, the actuators may include an intake throttle actuator, a loading device for the engine such as an induction motor. The engine test stands are often custom-packaged considering requirements of the OEM customer. They often include microcontroller-based feedback control systems with following features:

• closed-loop desired speed operation (useful towards characterization of steady-state or transient engine performance)
• closed-loop desired torque operation (useful towards emulation of in-vehicle, on-road scenarios, thereby enabling an alternate way of characterization of steady-state or transient engine performance)

Engine test stand applications

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Engine Test Stand with WALTHER-PRAEZISION Multicoupling System

• Research and Development of engines, typically at an OEM laboratory
• Tuning of in-use engines, typically at service centers or for racing applications
• End of production line at an OEM factory. The changing of the engines to be tested takes place automatically, and fluid, electrical and exhaust gas lines are connected to the test stand and engine and disconnected from them by means of docking systems. When the engine docks in the test stand the mechanical drive shaft is automatically connected to it.

Engine testing for research and development

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HORIBA engine test stand type TITAN

Research and Development (R&D) activities on engines at automobile OEMs have necessitated sophisticated engine test stands. Automobile OEMs are usually interested in developing engines that meet the following threefold objectives:

• to provide high fuel efficiency
• to improve drivability and durability
• to be in compliance to relevant emission legislation

Consequently, an R&D engine test stands allow for a full-fledged engine development exercise through measurement, control and record of several relevant engine variables.

Typical tests include ones that:

• determine fuel efficiency and drivability: torque-speed performance test under steady-state and transient conditions
• determine durability: ageing tests, oil and lubrication tests
• determine compliance to relevant emission legislations: volumetric and mass emission tests over stated emission test cycles
• gain further knowledge about the engine itself: engine mapping exercise or development of multidimensional input-output maps among different engine variables. e.g. a map from intake manifold pressure and engine speed to intake air flow rate.

Magnifying LDV sensors in engine testing

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Spark plug velocimeter - SPV

Laser technology adds useful tools to improve engine design during engine testing. Lasers sensors using laser Doppler velocimetry with magnifying LDV sensors can record the movements of gas particles during the entire 2-stroke, 4-stroke or rotary combustion cycle. These spark plug velocimeter (SPV) sensors can be inserted into the spark plug hole of the combustion chamber of the engine. The sensors can be adjusted to all depth levels of the pistons movement - typically ranging from 0 - 50mm. The magnifying LDV sensors will record the velocity and direction of the movement of gas particles. Engine design can then be optimised with the recorded data and the visualisation of the combustion cycle. The flow and direction of the gas particles can be improved by changing shape and sizes of the chamber, valves, spark plug, injectors and pistons resulting in improved combustion and performance and in reduced emissions. Engine heads with two spark plug holes per cylinder can be used to record the velocity and direction of the movement of gas particles in an engine running under live, firing conditions. SPVs can also be added to the intake and the exhaust to record flow of particles in these areas to further improve engine design. Magnifying LDV sensors have been used in even more extreme situations to measure particle flow in rocket engines.

See also

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References

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