The secret to making felt lies in the material itself. Wool, and most other mammalian fibres such as human hair, tends to mat together when it gets wet or agitated.
Why does it do this?
Well most mammalian fibres are comprised of individual fine strands, where each strand features a solid core with a scaly surface. These scales are invisible to the naked eye and point away from the root of the fibre.
The scales are long and pointy, and can even resemble thorns when observed under a microscope. At rest, these thorny scales lie close and flat to the solid core of the wool strand. But when wool is rubbed, or wet, the scales flare outwards from the solid core. These naturally occurring scales hook and become entangled with other fibres. The act of felting, regardless of the felting process, bonds wool fibres together and compresses them, making a dense, flat and warm fabric with all kinds of uses.
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Read more: 9 Facts About Wool
There are three main felting methods:
Sheep are free-roaming animals and vegetable matter can be caught in their fleece. Washing and carbonizing remove some of this debris; however, color variation and inclusions of natural fiber on the surface are evidence of 100% natural origin of the material. This variation in color and thickness between dyelots and within felt bolts can be attributed to the natural occurrences of the natural color of the raw wool and absorption of the dyes.
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